--- title: Glossary | Tiger Data Docs description: Technical terms and concepts for Tiger Data products, TimescaleDB, and real-time analytics --- This glossary defines technical terms, concepts, and terminology used in Tiger Data documentation, the database industry, and real-time analytics. Use the search and filters below to find terms. Search terms... ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ FilterAllTimescaleDBStorageTime-seriesCloudSecurityOperationsObservabilityAI & vectorsPostgreSQLData & migration A12 terms ### ACL (Access Control List) Security a table that tells a computer operating system which access rights each user has to a particular system object, such as a file directory or individual file. ### ACID PostgreSQL a set of properties (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) that guarantee database transactions are processed reliably. ### ACID compliance PostgreSQL a set of database properties, Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability, ensuring reliable and consistent transactions. Inherited from PostgreSQL. ### Adaptive query optimization PostgreSQL dynamic query plan adjustment based on actual execution statistics and data distribution patterns, improving performance over time. ### Aggregate (Continuous Aggregate) TimescaleDB a materialized, precomputed summary of query results over time-series data, providing faster access to analytics. ### Alerting Observability the process of automatically notifying administrators when predefined conditions or thresholds are met in system monitoring. ### Analytics database Data & migration a system optimized for large-scale analytical queries, supporting complex aggregations, time-based queries, and data exploration. ### Anomaly detection Time-series the identification of abnormal patterns or outliers within time-series datasets, common in observability, IoT, and finance. ### Append-only storage Storage a storage pattern where data is only added, never modified in place. Ideal for time-series workloads and audit trails. ### Archival Storage the process of moving old or infrequently accessed data to long-term, cost-effective storage solutions. ### Auto-partitioning TimescaleDB automatic division of a hypertable into chunks based on partitioning dimensions to optimize scalability and performance. ### Availability zone Cloud an isolated location within a cloud region that provides redundant power, networking, and connectivity. B10 terms ### B-tree PostgreSQL a self-balancing tree data structure that maintains sorted data and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. ### Background job Operations an automated task that runs in the background without user intervention, typically for maintenance operations like compression or data retention. ### Background worker PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL process that runs background tasks independently of client sessions. ### Batch processing Data & migration handling data in grouped batches rather than as individual real-time events, often used for historical data processing. ### Backfill Data & migration the process of filling in historical data that was missing or needs to be recalculated, often used during migrations or after schema changes. ### Backup Operations a copy of data stored separately from the original data to protect against data loss, corruption, or system failure. ### Bloom filter TimescaleDB a probabilistic data structure that tests set membership with possible false positives but no false negatives. TimescaleDB uses blocked bloom filters to speed up point lookups by eliminating chunks that don’t contain queried values. ### Buffer pool PostgreSQL memory area where frequently accessed data pages are cached to reduce disk I/O operations. ### BRIN (Block Range Index) PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL index type that stores summaries about ranges of table blocks, useful for large tables with naturally ordered data. ### Bytea PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL data type for storing binary data as a sequence of bytes. C25 terms ### Cache hit ratio Operations the percentage of data requests served from memory cache rather than disk, indicating query performance efficiency. ### Cardinality PostgreSQL the number of unique values in a dataset or database column. ### Check constraint PostgreSQL a database constraint that limits the values that can be stored in a column by checking them against a specified condition. ### Chunk TimescaleDB a horizontal partition of a hypertable that contains data for a specific time interval and space partition. ### Chunk interval TimescaleDB the time period covered by each chunk in a hypertable, which affects query performance and storage efficiency. ### Chunk skipping TimescaleDB a query optimization technique that skips chunks not relevant to the query’s time range, dramatically improving performance. ### CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) Security a method for allocating IP addresses and routing IP packets. ### Client credentials Security authentication tokens used by applications to access services programmatically without user interaction. ### Close Time-series in financial data, the closing price of a security at the end of a trading period. ### Cloud Cloud computing services delivered over the internet, including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence. ### Cloud deployment Cloud the use of public, private, or hybrid cloud infrastructure to host TimescaleDB, enabling elastic scalability and managed services. ### Cloud-native Cloud an approach to building applications that leverage cloud infrastructure, scalability, and services like Kubernetes. ### Cold storage Storage a tier of data storage for infrequently accessed data that offers lower costs but higher access times. ### Columnar Storage a data storage format that stores data column by column rather than row by row, optimizing for analytical queries. ### Columnstore TimescaleDB TimescaleDB‘s columnar storage engine optimized for analytical workloads and compression. ### Compression Storage the process of reducing data size by encoding information using fewer bits, improving storage efficiency and query performance. ### Connection pooling Operations a technique for managing multiple database connections efficiently, reducing overhead for high-concurrency environments. ### Consensus algorithm Operations protocols ensuring distributed systems agree on data state, critical for multi-node database deployments. ### Compression policy TimescaleDB an automated rule that compresses hypertable chunks after they reach a specified age or size threshold. ### Compression ratio Storage the ratio between the original data size and the compressed data size, indicating compression effectiveness. ### Constraint PostgreSQL a rule enforced by the database to maintain data integrity and consistency. ### Continuous aggregate TimescaleDB a materialized view that incrementally updates with new data, providing fast access to pre-computed aggregations. ### Counter aggregation Time-series aggregating monotonic counter data, handling counter resets and extrapolation. ### Cron Operations a time-based job scheduler in Unix-like computer operating systems. ### Cross-region backup Operations a backup stored in a different geographical region from the primary data for disaster recovery. D19 terms ### Data lake Data & migration a centralized repository storing structured and unstructured data at scale, often integrated with time-series databases for analytics. ### Data lineage Data & migration the tracking of data flow from source to destination, including transformations, essential for compliance and debugging. ### Data pipeline Data & migration automated workflows for moving, transforming, and loading data between systems, often using tools like Apache Kafka or Apache Airflow. ### Data migration Data & migration the process of moving data from one system, storage type, or format to another. ### Data retention Operations the practice of storing data for a specified period before deletion, often governed by compliance requirements or storage optimization. ### Data rollup Time-series the process of summarizing detailed historical data into higher-level aggregates, balancing storage needs with query efficiency. ### Data skew Data & migration uneven distribution of data across partitions or nodes, potentially causing performance bottlenecks. ### Data tiering Storage a storage management strategy that places data on different storage tiers based on access patterns and performance requirements. ### Data type PostgreSQL a classification that specifies which type of value a variable can hold, such as integer, string, or boolean. ### Decompress Storage the process of restoring compressed data to its original, uncompressed state. ### Delta Time-series the difference between two values, commonly used in counter aggregations to calculate the change over time. ### DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Security a network management protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration parameters. ### Dimension TimescaleDB a partitioning key in a hypertable that determines how data is distributed across chunks. ### Disaster recovery Operations the process and procedures for recovering and protecting a business’s IT infrastructure in the event of a disaster. ### Double precision PostgreSQL a floating-point data type that provides more precision than the standard float type. ### Downsample Time-series the process of reducing the temporal resolution of time-series data by aggregating data points over longer time intervals. ### Downtime Operations the period during which a system, service, or application is unavailable or not operational. ### Dual-write and backfill Data & migration a migration approach where new data is written to both the source and target databases simultaneously, followed by backfilling historical data to ensure completeness. ### Dual-write Data & migration a migration pattern where applications write data to both the source and target systems simultaneously. E11 terms ### Edge computing Cloud processing data at or near the data source such as IoT devices, rather than solely in centralized servers, reducing latency. ### Edge gateway Cloud a device that aggregates data from sensors and performs preprocessing before sending data to cloud or centralized databases. ### ELT (Extract, Load, Transform) Data & migration a data pipeline pattern where raw data is loaded first, then transformed within the target system, leveraging database processing power. ### Embedding AI & vectors a vector representation of data such as text or images, that captures semantic meaning in a high-dimensional space. ### Error rate Observability the percentage of requests or operations that result in errors over a given time period. ### Euclidean distance AI & vectors a measure of the straight-line distance between two points in multidimensional space. ### Exactly-once Data & migration a message is delivered and processed precisely once. There is no loss and no duplicates. ### Explain PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL command that shows the execution plan for a query, useful for performance analysis. ### Event sourcing Time-series an architectural pattern storing all changes as a sequence of events, naturally fitting time-series database capabilities. ### Event-driven architecture Data & migration a design pattern where components react to events such as sensor readings, requiring real-time data pipelines and storage. ### Extension PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL add-on that extends the database’s functionality beyond the core features. F7 terms ### Fact table PostgreSQL the central table in a star schema containing quantitative measures, often time-series data with foreign keys to dimension tables. ### Failover Operations the automatic switching to a backup system, server, or network upon the failure or abnormal termination of the primary system. ### Financial time-series Time-series high-volume, timestamped datasets like stock market feeds or trade logs, requiring low-latency, scalable databases like TimescaleDB. ### Foreign key PostgreSQL a database constraint that establishes a link between data in two tables by referencing the primary key of another table. ### Fork Cloud a copy of a database service that shares the same data but can diverge independently through separate writes. ### Free service Cloud a free instance of Tiger Cloud with limited resources. You can create up to two free services under any pricing plan. When a free service reaches the resource limit, it converts to the read-only state. You can convert a free service to a standard one under paid pricing plans. ### FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Security a standard network protocol used for transferring files between a client and server on a computer network. G6 terms ### Gap filling Time-series a technique for handling missing data points in time-series by interpolation or other methods, often implemented with hyperfunctions. ### GIN (Generalized Inverted Index) PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL index type designed for indexing composite values and supporting fast searches. ### GiST (Generalized Search Tree) PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL index type that provides a framework for implementing custom index types. ### GP-LTTB Time-series an advanced downsampling algorithm that extends Largest-Triangle-Three-Buckets with Gaussian Process modeling. ### GUC (Grand Unified Configuration) PostgreSQL PostgreSQL‘s configuration parameter system that controls various aspects of database behavior. ### GUID (Globally Unique Identifier) PostgreSQL a unique identifier used in software applications, typically represented as a 128-bit value. H15 terms ### Hash PostgreSQL an index type that provides constant-time lookups for equality comparisons but doesn’t support range queries. ### High-cardinality Time-series refers to datasets with a large number of unique values, which can strain storage and indexing in time-series applications. ### Histogram bucket Observability a predefined range of metrics organized for statistical analysis, commonly visualized in monitoring tools. ### Hot standby Operations a replication configuration where the standby server can serve read-only queries while staying synchronized with the primary. ### High availability Operations a system design that ensures an agreed level of operational performance, usually uptime, for a higher than normal period. ### High Time-series in financial data, the highest price of a security during a specific time period. ### Histogram Observability a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data, showing the frequency of data points in different ranges. ### Historical data Time-series previously recorded data that provides context and trends for analysis and decision-making. ### HNSW (Hierarchical Navigable Small World) AI & vectors a graph-based algorithm for approximate nearest neighbor search in high-dimensional spaces. ### Hot storage Storage a tier of data storage for frequently accessed data that provides the fastest access times but at higher cost. ### Hypercore TimescaleDB TimescaleDB‘s hybrid storage engine that seamlessly combines row and column storage for optimal performance. ### Hyperfunction TimescaleDB an SQL function in TimescaleDB designed for time-series analysis, statistics, and specialized computations. ### HyperLogLog PostgreSQL a probabilistic data structure used for estimating the cardinality of large datasets with minimal memory usage. ### Hypershift Data & migration a migration tool and strategy for moving data to TimescaleDB with minimal downtime. ### Hypertable TimescaleDB TimescaleDB‘s core abstraction that automatically partitions time-series data for scalability. I10 terms ### Idempotency Data & migration the property where repeated operations produce the same result, crucial for reliable data ingestion and processing. ### Ingest rate Observability the speed at which new data is written to the system, measured in rows per second. Critical for IoT and observability. ### Inner product AI & vectors a mathematical operation that combines two vectors to produce a scalar, used in similarity calculations. ### Insert PostgreSQL an SQL operation that adds new rows of data to a database table. ### Integer PostgreSQL a data type that represents whole numbers without decimal points. ### Intercept Time-series a statistical measure representing the y-intercept in linear regression analysis. ### Internet gateway Cloud an AWS VPC component that enables communication between instances in a VPC and the internet. ### Interpolation Time-series a method of estimating unknown values that fall between known data points. ### IP allow list Security a security feature that restricts access to specified IP addresses or ranges. ### Isolation level PostgreSQL a database transaction property that defines the degree to which operations in one transaction are isolated from those in other concurrent transactions. J6 terms ### Job Operations an automated task scheduled to run at specific intervals or triggered by certain conditions. ### Job execution Operations the process of running scheduled background tasks or automated procedures. ### JIT (Just-In-Time) compilation PostgreSQL PostgreSQL feature that compiles frequently executed query parts for improved performance, available in TimescaleDB. ### Job history Operations a record of past job executions, including their status, duration, and any errors encountered. ### JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) PostgreSQL a lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write. ### JWT (JSON Web Token) Security a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. L12 terms ### Latency Observability the time delay between a request being made and the response being received. ### Lifecycle policy Operations a set of rules that automatically manage data throughout its lifecycle, including retention and deletion. ### Live migration Data & migration a data migration technique that moves data with minimal or zero downtime. ### Load balancer Operations a service distributing traffic across servers or database nodes to optimize resource use and avoid single points of failure. ### Log-Structured Merge (LSM) Tree PostgreSQL a data structure optimized for write-heavy workloads, though TimescaleDB primarily uses B-tree indexes for balanced read/write performance. ### LlamaIndex AI & vectors a framework for building applications with large language models, providing tools for data ingestion and querying. ### LOCF (Last Observation Carried Forward) Time-series a method for handling missing data by using the most recent known value. ### Logical backup Operations a backup method that exports data in a human-readable format, allowing for selective restoration. ### Logical replication Operations a PostgreSQL feature that replicates data changes at the logical level rather than the physical level. ### Logging Observability the process of recording events, errors, and system activities for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes. ### Low Time-series in financial data, the lowest price of a security during a specific time period. ### LTTB (Largest-Triangle-Three-Buckets) Time-series a downsampling algorithm that preserves the visual characteristics of time-series data. M12 terms ### Manhattan distance AI & vectors a distance metric calculated as the sum of the absolute differences of their coordinates. ### Manual compression Storage the process of compressing chunks manually rather than through automated policies. ### Materialization PostgreSQL the process of computing and storing the results of a query or view for faster access. ### Materialized view PostgreSQL a database object that stores the result of a query and can be refreshed periodically. ### Memory-optimized query PostgreSQL a query pattern designed to minimize disk I/O by leveraging available RAM and efficient data structures. ### Metric Observability a quantitative measurement used to assess system performance, business outcomes, or operational efficiency. ### MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication) Security a security method that requires two or more verification factors to grant access. ### Migration Data & migration the process of moving data, applications, or systems from one environment to another. ### Monitoring Observability the continuous observation and measurement of system performance and health. ### Multi-tenancy Cloud an architecture pattern supporting multiple customers or applications within a single database instance, with proper isolation. ### MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) Data & migration a lightweight messaging protocol designed for small sensors and mobile devices. ### MST (Managed Service for TimescaleDB) Cloud a fully managed TimescaleDB service that handles infrastructure and maintenance tasks. N5 terms ### NAT Gateway Cloud a network address translation service that enables instances in a private subnet to connect to the internet. ### Node (database node) Operations an individual server within a distributed system, contributing to storage, compute, or replication tasks. ### Normalization PostgreSQL database design technique organizing data to reduce redundancy, though time-series data often benefits from denormalized structures. ### Not null PostgreSQL a database constraint that ensures a column cannot contain empty values. ### Numeric PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL data type for storing exact numeric values with user-defined precision. O9 terms ### OAuth Security an open standard for access delegation commonly used for token-based authentication and authorization. ### Observability Observability the ability to measure the internal states of a system by examining its outputs. ### OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) Data & migration systems or workloads focused on large-scale, multidimensional, and complex analytical queries. ### OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) Data & migration high-speed transactional systems optimized for data inserts, updates, and short queries. ### OHLC Time-series an acronym for Open, High, Low, Close prices, commonly used in financial data analysis. ### OHLCV Time-series an extension of OHLC that includes Volume data for complete candlestick analysis. ### Open Time-series in financial data, the opening price of a security at the beginning of a trading period. ### OpenTelemetry Observability open standard for collecting, processing, and exporting telemetry data, often stored in time-series databases. ### Optimization PostgreSQL the process of making systems, queries, or operations more efficient and performant. P20 terms ### Parallel copy Data & migration a technique for copying large amounts of data using multiple concurrent processes to improve performance. ### Parallel Query Execution PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL feature that uses multiple CPU cores to execute single queries faster, inherited by TimescaleDB. ### Partitioning PostgreSQL the practice of dividing large tables into smaller, more manageable pieces based on certain criteria. ### Percentile Time-series a statistical measure that indicates the value below which a certain percentage of observations fall. ### Performance Observability a measure of how efficiently a system operates, often quantified by metrics like throughput, latency, and resource utilization. ### pg\\\_basebackup Operations a PostgreSQL utility for taking base backups of a running PostgreSQL cluster. ### pg\\\_dump Operations a PostgreSQL utility for backing up database objects and data in various formats. ### pg\\\_restore Operations a PostgreSQL utility for restoring databases from backup files created by \`pg\_dump\`. ### pgVector AI & vectors a PostgreSQL extension that adds vector similarity search capabilities for AI and machine learning applications. ### pgai on Tiger Cloud AI & vectors a cloud solution for building search, RAG, and AI agents with PostgreSQL. Enables calling AI embedding and generation models directly from the database using SQL. ### pgvectorscale AI & vectors a performance enhancement for pgvector featuring StreamingDiskANN indexing, binary quantization compression, and label-based filtering. ### pgvectorizer AI & vectors a TimescaleDB tool for automatically vectorizing and indexing data for similarity search. ### Physical backup Operations a backup method that copies the actual database files at the storage level. ### PITR (Point-in-Time Recovery) Operations the ability to restore a database to a specific moment in time. ### Policy TimescaleDB an automated rule or procedure that performs maintenance tasks like compression, retention, or refresh operations. ### Predictive maintenance Time-series the use of time-series data to forecast equipment failure, common in IoT and industrial applications. ### PostgreSQL PostgreSQL an open-source object-relational database system known for its reliability, robustness, and performance. ### PostGIS PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL extension that adds support for geographic objects and spatial queries. ### Primary key PostgreSQL a database constraint that uniquely identifies each row in a table. ### psql PostgreSQL an interactive terminal-based front-end to PostgreSQL that allows users to type queries interactively. Q5 terms ### QPS (Queries Per Second) Observability a measure of database performance indicating how many queries a database can process per second. ### Query PostgreSQL a request for data or information from a database, typically written in SQL. ### Query performance PostgreSQL a measure of how efficiently database queries execute, including factors like execution time and resource usage. ### Query planner/optimizer PostgreSQL a component determining the most efficient strategy for executing SQL queries based on database structure and indexes. ### Query planning PostgreSQL the database process of determining the most efficient way to execute a query. R23 terms ### RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) Security a security model that assigns permissions to users based on their roles within an organization. ### Read committed PostgreSQL an isolation level where transactions can read committed changes made by other transactions. ### Read scaling Operations a technique for improving database performance by distributing read queries across multiple database replicas. ### Read uncommitted PostgreSQL the lowest isolation level where transactions can read uncommitted changes from other transactions. ### Read-only role Security a database role with permissions limited to reading data without modification capabilities. ### Read replica Operations a copy of the primary database that serves read-only queries, improving read scalability and geographic distribution. ### Real-time analytics Time-series the immediate analysis of incoming data streams, crucial for observability, trading platforms, and IoT monitoring. ### Real PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL data type for storing single-precision floating-point numbers. ### Real-time aggregate TimescaleDB a continuous aggregate that includes both materialized historical data and real-time calculations on recent data. ### Refresh policy TimescaleDB an automated rule that determines when and how continuous aggregates are updated with new data. ### Region Cloud a geographical area containing multiple data centers, used in cloud computing for data locality and compliance. ### Repeatable read PostgreSQL an isolation level that ensures a transaction sees a consistent snapshot of data throughout its execution. ### Replica Operations a copy of a database that can be used for read scaling, backup, or disaster recovery purposes. ### Replication Operations the process of copying and maintaining data across multiple database instances to ensure availability and durability. ### Response time Observability the time it takes for a system to respond to a request, measured from request initiation to response completion. ### REST API Data & migration a web service architecture that uses HTTP methods to enable communication between applications. ### Restore Operations the process of recovering data from backups to restore a database to a previous state. ### Restore point Operations a snapshot of database state that can be used as a reference point for recovery operations. ### Retention policy TimescaleDB an automated rule that determines how long data is kept before being deleted from the system. ### Route table Cloud a set of rules that determine where network traffic is directed within a cloud network. ### RTO (Recovery Time Objective) Operations the maximum acceptable time that systems can be down after a failure or disaster. ### RPO (Recovery Point Objective) Operations the maximum acceptable amount of data loss measured in time after a failure or disaster. ### Rowstore Storage traditional row-oriented data storage where data is stored row by row, optimized for transactional workloads. S27 terms ### SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) Security an XML-based standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between security domains. ### Scheduled job Operations an automated task that runs at predetermined times or intervals. ### Schema evolution PostgreSQL the process of modifying database structure over time while maintaining compatibility with existing applications. ### Schema PostgreSQL the structure of a database, including tables, columns, relationships, and constraints. ### Security group Cloud a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic for cloud resources. ### Service discovery Cloud mechanisms allowing applications to dynamically locate services like database endpoints, often used in distributed environments. ### Segmentwise recompression TimescaleDB a TimescaleDB compression technique that recompresses data segments to improve compression ratios. ### Serializable PostgreSQL the highest isolation level that ensures transactions appear to run serially even when executed concurrently. ### Sharding Data & migration horizontal partitioning of data across multiple database instances, distributing load and enabling linear scalability. ### SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) Security a secure version of FTP that encrypts both commands and data during transmission. ### SkipScan TimescaleDB query optimization for DISTINCT operations that incrementally jumps between ordered values without reading intermediate rows. Uses a Custom Scan node to efficiently traverse ordered indexes, dramatically improving performance over traditional DISTINCT queries. ### Similarity search AI & vectors a technique for finding items that are similar to a given query item, often used with vector embeddings. ### SLA (Service Level Agreement) Operations a contract that defines the expected level of service between a provider and customer. ### SLI (Service Level Indicator) Observability a quantitative measure of some aspect of service quality. ### SLO (Service Level Objective) Observability a target value or range for service quality measured by an SLI. ### Slope Time-series a statistical measure representing the rate of change in linear regression analysis. ### SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Security an internet standard for email transmission across networks. ### Snapshot Operations a point-in-time copy of data that can be used for backup and recovery purposes. ### SP-GiST (Space-Partitioned Generalized Search Tree) PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL index type for data structures that naturally partition search spaces. ### Storage optimization Storage techniques for reducing storage costs and improving performance through compression, tiering, and efficient data organization. ### Streaming data Time-series continuous flows of data generated by devices, logs, or sensors, requiring high-ingest, real-time storage solutions. ### SQL (Structured Query Language) PostgreSQL a programming language designed for managing and querying relational databases. ### SSH (Secure Shell) Security a cryptographic network protocol for secure communication over an unsecured network. ### SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) Security a security protocol that establishes encrypted links between networked computers. ### Standard service Cloud a regular Tiger Cloud service that includes the resources and features according to the pricing plan. You can create standard services under any of the paid plans. ### Streaming replication Operations a PostgreSQL replication method that continuously sends write-ahead log records to standby servers. ### Synthetic monitoring Observability simulated transactions or probes used to test system health, generating time-series metrics for performance analysis. T25 terms ### Tiger Cloud service Cloud an optimized PostgreSQL instance extended with database engine innovations such as TimescaleDB, in a cloud infrastructure that delivers speed without sacrifice. ### Table PostgreSQL a database object that stores data in rows and columns, similar to a spreadsheet. ### Tablespace PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL storage structure that defines where database objects are physically stored on disk. ### TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Security a connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable data transmission between applications. ### TDigest Time-series a probabilistic data structure for accurate estimation of percentiles in distributed systems. ### Telemetry Observability the collection of real-time data from systems or devices for monitoring and analysis. ### Text PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL data type for storing variable-length character strings. ### Throughput Observability a measure of system performance indicating the amount of work performed or data processed per unit of time. ### Tiered storage Storage a storage strategy that automatically moves data between different storage classes based on access patterns and age. ### Tiger Cloud Cloud Tiger Data ‘s managed cloud platform that provides TimescaleDB as a fully managed solution with additional features. ### Tiger Lake Cloud Tiger Data ‘s service for integrating operational databases with data lake architectures. ### Tiger Cloud service Cloud an optimized PostgreSQL instance extended with database engine innovations such as TimescaleDB, in a cloud infrastructure that delivers speed without sacrifice. ### Time series Time-series data points indexed and ordered by time, typically representing how values change over time. ### Time-weighted average Time-series a statistical calculation that gives more weight to values based on the duration they were held. ### Time bucketing Time-series grouping timestamps into uniform intervals for analysis, commonly used with hyperfunctions. ### Time-series forecasting Time-series the application of statistical models to time-series data to predict future trends or events. ### TimescaleDB TimescaleDB an open-source PostgreSQL extension for real-time analytics that provides scalability and performance optimizations. ### Timestamp PostgreSQL a data type that stores date and time information without timezone data. ### Timestamptz PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL data type that stores timestamp with timezone information. ### TLS (Transport Layer Security) Security a cryptographic protocol that provides security for communication over networks. ### Tombstone Storage marker indicating deleted data in append-only systems, requiring periodic cleanup processes. ### Transaction isolation PostgreSQL the database property controlling the visibility of uncommitted changes between concurrent transactions. ### TPS (Transactions Per Second) Observability a measure of database performance indicating transaction processing capacity. ### Transaction PostgreSQL a unit of work performed against a database that must be completed entirely or not at all. ### Trigger PostgreSQL a database procedure that automatically executes in response to certain events on a table or view. U5 terms ### UDP (User Datagram Protocol) Security a connectionless communication protocol that provides fast but unreliable data transmission. ### Unique PostgreSQL a database constraint that ensures all values in a column or combination of columns are distinct. ### Uptime Observability the amount of time that a system has been operational and available for use. ### Usage-based storage Cloud a billing model where storage costs are based on actual data stored rather than provisioned capacity. ### UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) PostgreSQL a 128-bit identifier used to uniquely identify information without central coordination. V8 terms ### Vacuum PostgreSQL a PostgreSQL maintenance operation that reclaims storage and updates database statistics. ### Varchar PostgreSQL a variable-length character data type that can store strings up to a specified maximum length. ### Vector operations AI & vectors SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) optimizations for processing arrays of data, improving analytical query performance. ### Vertical scaling (scale up) Operations increasing system capacity by adding more power (CPU, RAM) to existing machines, as opposed to horizontal scaling. ### Visualization tool Observability a platform or dashboard used to display time-series data in charts, graphs, and alerts for easier monitoring and analysis. ### Vector AI & vectors a mathematical object with magnitude and direction, used in machine learning for representing data as numerical arrays. ### VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) Cloud a virtual network dedicated to your cloud account that provides network isolation. ### VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price) Time-series a financial indicator that shows the average price weighted by volume over a specific time period. W6 terms ### WAL (Write-Ahead Log) PostgreSQL PostgreSQL‘s method for ensuring data integrity by writing changes to a log before applying them to data files. ### Warm storage Storage a storage tier that balances access speed and cost, suitable for data accessed occasionally. ### Watermark TimescaleDB a timestamp that tracks the progress of continuous aggregate materialization. ### WebSocket Data & migration a communication protocol that provides full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection. ### Window function PostgreSQL an SQL function that performs calculations across related rows, particularly useful for time-series analytics and trend analysis. ### Workload management Operations techniques for prioritizing and scheduling different types of database operations to optimize overall system performance. X1 term ### XML (eXtensible Markup Language) PostgreSQL a markup language that defines rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. Y1 term ### YAML (YAML Ain’t Markup Language) PostgreSQL a human-readable data serialization standard commonly used for configuration files. Z2 terms ### Zero downtime Operations a system design goal where services remain available during maintenance, upgrades, or migrations without interruption. ### Zero-downtime migration Data & migration migration strategies that maintain service availability throughout the transition process, often using techniques like dual-write and gradual cutover. 282 terms10 categories